MIZO ṬAWNGA POSTPOSITION

 POSTPOSITION

      Mizo ṭawngah hian mahni-a thumal ding hrang ve si; amaherawhchu, mahni-a awmze kimchang nei pha lo leh mahni-a subject emaw, object emaw pawh ni ve thei lo, noun leh pronoun leh gerund hnunga rawn chetla chawt ṭhin, an kawppui noun leh pronoun leh gerund nena lâk hran theih loha inlaichìn nghet tlat ṭhin thumal an awm a. Chutianga noun emaw, pronoun emaw, gerund emaw zui tlattu chu 'postposition' tih an ni a, Postposition chuan an kawppui noun leh pronoun leh gerund chu verb leh thu dang nena an inkungkaihna lai a rawn târ lang ṭhin a ni.

(1)  POSTPOSITIONAL NOUN

    

       Mahni-a thumal hran, noun nihna nei ve ngei si; amaherawhchu, mahni-a subject emaw, object emaw ni pha ve si lo, suffix 'Ah' leh 'A' behtir pawha mahni-a adverb of place ni pha lo, noun nihna nei ve chung si-a postposition hna thawk ṭhin thumal hi 'postpositional noun' chu an ni. Postpositional noun reng reng chu an kawppui noun emaw, pronoun emaw nen khan lâk hran theih loh khawpa inlaichìn nghet tlat an ni. Chûngte chu:

          bul   hnuai        chhak       thlang

       piah   hnung       hma         chhûng

       sîr       kam           kiang      

       zâr      chung       lam          kâr

       zîng     lak             tàwp        âi

       chhehvêl              vêl

Entirna:

     

(a)    Bul hi a hnim lutuk. (subject) 

         Bul kan sam fai. (object) 

(aw) Sikul bul hi a hnim lutuk. (subject)

         Sikul bul kan sam fai. (object) 

       Entirna kan tar lana, "Bul hi a hnim lutuk," ti-a kan sawi hian, 'Bul' tih ringawt hi amahin subject a ni pha lo a, "Bul hi kan sam fai," ti-a kan sawi hian 'Bul' hi amahin object ni turin a kimchang pha lo leh bawk a ni. Chuvangin, noun a rawn zuinaah, "Sikul bul hi a hnim lutuk," tiin emaw, "Sikul bul kan sam fai," ti emaw kan sawi hian, heta 'Bul' hian a kawppui noun thumal 'Sikul' leh verb inkungkaihna lai hi rawn târ langin, thu dang nen a inlaichìntir a. Tichuan, a kawppui noun nen hian noun phrase niin, kan sentence-ah hian subject emaw, object emaw an ni dun thei ta a ni.

       Hetianga noun emaw, pronoun emaw tel lova mahni-a subject emaw, object emaw ni tura awmze kimchang nei pha lo, noun emaw, pronoun emaw rawn zui chawt ṭhintu, an kawppui noun emaw, pronoun emaw nena lâk hran theih loha inlaichìn nghet tlat thumal, noun ni ve chung si-a postposition hna thawk hi 'postpositional noun' chu a ni. Hêng postpositional noun-ah hian suffix 'Ah' leh 'A' behtirin, "Sikul bulah naupang an infiam," ti te'n leh, "Sikul bula theihai kha kan lo," ti tein suffix behna postpositional noun leh  kawppui noun emaw, pronoun emaw hi 'adverb of place'-ah kan siam ṭhin  ni.

       Hêng  'ar tui, sazu kua, thing zâr,...adt' tih-a 'Tui, Kua, Zâr' tih ang chite hi anmahnia subject leh object atana mal din zo lo thumal, anmahni ti fiah kimchangtu (complet noun) mamawh ve tho ni mah sela, postpositional noun kan tar lante nen an danglamna chu hêng noun thumalte chuan a kawppui noun nen hian lâk hran theih vek an ni. 'Ar' leh  'Tui' hi lâk hran theih niin, 'Sazu' leh a 'Kua' hi lâk hran theih  ni a, 'Thing' leh a 'Zâr' hi lâk hran daih theih a ni bawk. Chuvangin, hêng hi chu complete noun mamawh ve tho noun ni mah sela, postposition nih phung an neih ve loh avangin 'postpositional noun' an ni ve lo a. Postpositional noun reng reng chu an kawppui noun emaw, pronoun emaw nen khan lâk hran theih loh khawpa inkungkaih nghet tlat an ni ṭhin  a ni.

Entirna:

(a)    Khum hnuai ka phiat fai.

                     ¯¯¯¯¯

(aw) Sikul chhak  a min vak mai.

                   ¯¯¯¯¯¯

(b)    Kawng thlang hi a awih mang e.

                      ¯¯¯¯¯¯

(ch)  Kan piah deuh-ah sawn tui a awm.

                 ¯¯¯¯

(d)    Mi hnung zui tâwk lek ka ni.

               ¯¯¯¯¯¯

(e)    Hall chhûng khatin kan kal khâwm.

                 ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

(f)     Kawng sîr   hi sam fai a ngai.

                      ¯¯¯

(g)    Mahni hma   chauh hi sial loh tur.

                     ¯¯¯¯¯

(ng)  Lui kam nuam deuha awm ka châk.

                ¯¯¯¯

(h)    Kan kiang lo chu nuam tihna a nei lo.

                 ¯¯¯¯¯

(i)     I hnen  thlen ka nghâkhlel tawh.

           ¯¯¯¯¯

(j)     Anni lak  aṭang hian ka inthiar fihlim.

                  ¯¯¯

(k)    In zîng aṭang khan pakhat lo kal teh u.

             ¯¯¯¯

(l)     Sawrkâr zâr hi kan zo teh asin.

                        ¯¯¯

(m)   Rama chu a chung a la pik khawp

         ang.               ¯¯¯¯¯¯

( n )  Dawhkan chung  hi han hru fai teh.

                           ¯¯¯¯¯¯

(o)    Kan khaw lam kan pan dawn.

                           ¯¯¯¯

(p)    Zîng kâr hi ka hun neih ve chhun ni.

                  ¯¯¯

(r)     Kum tâwp kan lo hnaih ve ta.

                  ¯¯¯¯¯

(s)    Dinga ai chu Liana'n lo va awh mai

                    ¯¯                                rawh se.

(t)     Kan khaw chhehvêl hi thing hmun vek

         a ni.           ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

(ṭ)     Kan in vêl hi then fai a ngai a nih hi. 

                     ¯¯¯

       Entirna kan tar lana 'Hnuai, Chhak, Thlang, Piah, Hnung, Chhûng, Sîr, Hma, Kam, Kiang, Hnen, Zîng, Zâr, Chung, Lam, Kâr, Tâwp, Ai, Chhehvêl, Vêl' tihte hi 'postpositional noun' an ni vek a. Hêng postpositional noun-ah hian suffix 'Ah' leh 'A' hi behtirin, 'Hnuaiah, Chhakah, Thlangah, Hnenah...adt.' tiin leh, 'Kianga, Hnena, Zînga, Chunga...adt.' ti tein an kawppui noun emaw, pronoun emaw nen hian 'adverb of place'-ah kan siam ṭhin a ni.

(2)  POSTPOSITION

        Hei pawh hi mahni-a thumal ding hrang ni ve ngei si; amaherawhchu, noun emaw, pronoun emaw, gerund emaw hnunga phusa chawt ṭhin, an kawppui noun emaw, pronoun emaw, gerund emaw chu verb nena an inkungkaihna lai rawn târ langtu bawk a ni ve leh a. Chûngte chu:

        atan       tan        ata           ṭang

        aṭang     vang     chhan     zâwng

Entirna:

(a)     YMA President atan an thlang.

                                      ¯¯¯¯

(aw)  Lal tan thil pêk kan rawn keng.

                ¯¯¯

(b)     Heta ṭang hian kan in chu a hla lo.

                   ¯¯¯¯

(ch)   Nizan aṭang khan ruah a la sur reng.

                      ¯¯¯¯¯

(d)     Buaina chhuak hi nangmah vang

          a ni.                                          ¯¯¯¯¯

(e)     Mihringte hi dam chhan nei ṭheuh

          kan ni.                   ¯¯¯¯¯¯

(f)      I thil ngainat zâwng mi han hrilh teh.

                                 ¯¯¯¯¯¯

         Hetiang hian, postposition hrang hrangte hian noun leh pronoun leh gerund-te hi zuiin an kawp ṭhin a. An kawppui noun emaw, pronoun emaw, gerund emaw kha sentence-a verb nen an inkungkaihna lai târ langin, thu dangte nen pawh a inlaichìntir ta ṭhin a. Postposition-te hi anmahni mize milin leh, an kawppui thumal azir zelin an awmzia leh an hna thawh pawh a inang lo ṭhin a ni.

(3) POSTPOSITIONAL PHRASE

       Postposition hi postposition bawkin a rawn zui ve thei a. Chutianga postposition pakhat aia tam inkawp chu 'postpositional phrase' tih a ni.

Entirna:

(a)   Ka lak aṭang hian tlan bo tum suh.

              ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

(aw) Awfis bul vêl hi sam fai a ngai.

                    ¯¯¯¯¯¯

(b)  Pathian âng chhung hi himna hmun ni. 

                      ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

(ch) An zîng ata kha rawn inhnûk dâwk

              ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯                                rawh.

(d) Sikul hma lam hi then fai a ngai a nih

      hi.      ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

        Entirna pakhatnaah hian, postposition 'Lak' hi postposition bawk 'Aṭang' hian  rawn zuiin, postposition pahnih inkawp 'Lak ṭang'  tih hi postposition phrase a ni ta a ni. Chutiang bawkin, entirna sentence dangah pawh hian postposition pahnih inkawp, 'Bul vêl, Zîng ata, Âng chhûng, Hma lam' tihte hi 'postpositional phrase' an ni leh ta bawk a ni.

             CHHINCHHIAH ZUI ATAN

(1)   Postposition chu mahni-a thumal ding hrang; amaherawhchu, mahni-a awmze kimchang nei pha si lo, mahni-a subject emaw, object emaw pawh luah zo lo, suffix 'Ah' leh 'A' behtira mahni-a adverb of place pawh ni pha lo, noun emaw, pronoun emaw,   gerund emaw zui chawt ṭhintu, an kawppui noun emaw, pronoun emaw, gerund emaw kha verb nena an inkungkaihna lai rawn tar lang ṭhintu hi a ni. Postposition chu an kawppui noun emaw, pronoun emaw, gerund emaw nen khan lâk hran theih loh khawpa inkungkaih nghet an ni ṭhin a; an kawppui noun emaw, pronoun emaw, gerund nen emaw khan 'noun phrase' an ni ṭhin a ni.

(2)  'Sikul kawt,...' tih ang chi-a 'Kawt' tih ang te hi chu mahni pawha subject leh object luah thei noun thumal an nih bâkah, suffix 'Ah' leh 'A' behtirin anmahni ngau ngau pawh hian adverb of place atana hman theih an nih avangin, hetiang thumalho hi chu postposition an ni ve lo a. Chutiang bawkin, 'Sava tui, Thing zâr, Saphu kua...adt.' tih ang chi-a 'Tui, Zâr, Kua' tih ang chite pawh hi complete noun mamawh thumal ve tho ni mah sela, an kawppui noun nen hian an inkungkaihna lâk hran theih an nih avangin postposition nih phung an nei ve lo bawk a ni.

       Mizo ṭawng hian amaha grammar kal phung hran hlak a neih avang hian, sentence structure leh word order lamah pawh a anpui ni lo, Sâp ṭawnga 'preposition' leh Mizo ṭawnga 'postposition' hi inmiltir tum chi a ni lo a. Sâp ṭawnga 'preposition' leh Mizo ṭawnga 'postposition' hi an ziarâng leh kal phung a inang lo a; chuvangin, ṭawng dang kal phung aṭanga kan khàr chhàwn ni lo, ama ze mil ngei 'postposition' hi Mizo ṭawng hian amahin a  nei hrang fel thlap a ni tih hi hriat reng a pawimawh a ni.

Thu lâkna: Pu PC. Thangzîkpuia ziah 'MIZO

                   ṬAWNG GRAMMAR' tih bû-a mi

MIZO ṬAWNGA GERUND LEH VERBAL NOUN

GERUND LEH VERBAL NOUN

GERUND

       Mizo ṭawngah chuan verb thumal subjunctive mood form, verb atana kan hman ṭhin adjective thumal subjunctive mood form, kan sentence-a thil titu 'subject' emaw, thil tih tuartu 'object' atan emawa kan hman ṭhin hi 'gerund' chu a ni.

Entirna:

         1.   'Aizâwl' hi a nuam.  (subject)

         2.   'Mut' hi a nuam.       (subject)

         3.   'Ui' hi ka ngaina.       (object)

         4.   'Zài' hi ka ngaina.     (object) 

       

      Entirnaa kan chhawp chhuah pakhatna  sentence leh pahnihnaah hian, "A nuam," tiin kan sawi ve ve a. Hetah hian, "Eng maw nuam?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu noun thumal 'Aizawl' tih leh verb thumal 'Mut' hi a ni. Tichuan, kan sentence-a noun thumal 'Aizawl' tih hian  subject a luah dan leh verb thumal subjunctive mood  form 'Mut' tih hian subject an luah dan a inang ta reng a. Hetiang verb thumal ni si, noun ang chiaha kan sentence-a subject luahtu atana kan hman 'Mut' hi verb ni chunga noun anga phusa 'gerund' chu a ni ta a ni.

         Entirna kan chhawp chhuah pathumna leh palinaah hian, "Ka ngaina," tiin kan sawi ve ve a. Hetah hian, "Eng maw i ngainat?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu noun thumal 'Ui (dog)' leh verb thumal 'Zài' hi a ni. Tichuan, kan sentence-ah hian noun thumal 'Ui (dog)' hian object a luah dan leh verb thumal subjunctive mood form  'Zài' hian object an luah dan hi a inang leh ta chiah bawk a ni. Hetianga verb thumal ni si, noun ang chiaha kan sentence-a object luahtu 'Zài' hi verb ni chunga noun anga phusa 'gerund' a ni leh ta a ni.

       Hetiang hian, verb thumla subjunctive mood form  hi kan sentence-ah thil titu 'subject' emaw, thil tih tuartu 'object' atan emawa kan hman hian, verb ni chunga noun anga phusa 'gerund' an ni ta ṭhin a ni.

INTRANSITIVE VERB GERUND-A HMAN DAN

       Intransitive verb hi gerund-a hman a nih chuan, a subjunctive mood form zel hman ṭhin a ni a. Tuartu (object) mamawh lo thil tih sawina a nih avangin, intransitive verb chu amah lâwngin gerund-ah hian hman ṭhin a ni.

Entirna:

  1. 'Tlàn' hi insâwi zawi nan a ṭha. (subject)

 

  2. Hetah hian 'Ṭhut' an phal lo.  (object)

        Entirna kan chhawp chhuah sentence pakhatnaa 'Tlàn' hi intransitive verb thumal sunjunctive mood form, ri hniam tawia lam rîk a ni a. Kan sentence-a, "Insâwi zawi nan a ṭha," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Eng maw ṭha," ti ta ila, a chhanna chu 'Tlàn' hi a ni. Hetah hian kan thil sawi 'Tlàn' hi subject a nih tlat avangin verb thumal ni mah sela, verb ni chunga noun atana kan hman a ni a, 'gerund' a ni ta a ni.

        Entirna pahnihnaa 'Ṭhut' hi intransitive verb thumal subjunctive mood form bawk a ni a. Kan sentence-a, "An phal lo," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Eng maw an phal loh?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu 'Ṭhut' hi a ni. Hetah hian 'Ṭhut' hi verb thumal ni mah sela, kan sentence-ah hian 'object' a nih tlat avangin, verb ni chunga noun atana kan hman niin 'gerund' a ni ve leh ta a ni.

      Hetiangah hian, intransitive verb thumal subjunctive mood form hi kan sentence-ah subject emaw, object emaw atana kan hman chuan, verb thumal ni si-a noun atana kan hman, verb leh noun ni kawp 'gerund' a ni ta ṭhin a. Intransitive verb chu tuartu (object) mamawh lo thil tih sawina a nih avangin, amah lâwng hian gerund  a ni thei ṭhin a. Chutiang bawkin, adjective leh reflexive verb thumal subjunctive mood form-te pawh  anmahni lâwngin gerund-ah hman an ni ṭhin bawk a ni.

TRANSITIVE VERB THUMAL GERUND-A HMAN DAN

       Transitive verb pawh hi gerund-a hman a nih chuan, a subjunctive mood form zel hman ṭhin a ni a. Transitive verb chu tuartu (object) mamawh thil tih sawina a nih avangin (inbiakna ṭawngkam satliahah te chuan amah lâwngin gerund-ah hman ni ve bawk mah sela), gerund a nihnaah pawh hian amah ti fiahtu (complement) atan ama object a chhawm ṭhin a ni.

Entirna:

           1. 'Èi' hi puarna a ni. (subject)

           2. 'Duh' i ngah lutuk. (object)

       Entirna sentence pakhatnaa 'Èi' hi transitive verb thumal subjunctive mood form, ri hniam tawia lam rîk a ni a. Kan sentence-ah hian, "Puarna a ni," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Eng maw?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu 'Èi' hi a ni. Hetah hian, 'Èi' hi a chungchâng kan sawia (subject) a nih tlat avangin, transitive verb thumal ni mah sela, verb ni chunga noun atana kan hman 'gerund' a ni ta a ni.

       Entirna pahnihnaah pawh hian 'Duh' hi transitive verb thumal bawk niin, kan sentence-a, "I ngah lutuk," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Eng maw?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu 'Duh' tih hi a ni. Hetah hian 'Duh' hi kan thil sawi tuartu (object) a nih tlat avangin, transitive verb thumal ni mah sela, verb ni chunga noun atana kan hman a ni a, 'gerund' a ni ve leh ta a ni.

      Hetiang hian, inbiakna ṭawngkam naranah te hian transitive verb thumal ṭhenkhat chu thil tih tuartu (object) tel lo pawhin, anmahni lâwng hian gerund-ah hman ve theih an ni ṭhin a. Amaherawhchu, transitive verb reng reng chu tuartu/dawngtu (object) mamawh  thil tih sawina an nih tlat avangin, gerund an nihnaah pawh hian anmahni ti fiahtu (complement) atan object an chhawm ṭhin a ni. (Gerund leh complement chêt dunna chu gerund phrase sawinaah tar lan a ni.)

GERUND PHRASE

Gerund leh modifier inkawp

     Gerund-te hi verb thumal an nih tlat vangin, noun angin khawsa mah sela, an zepui zâwk verb zia an la kawl tlat a. Chuvangin, verb an niha anmahni puibàwmtu atana adverb leh auxiliary verb-te an phusakpui ṭhin ang chiah kha gerund an nihnaah pawh hian an la chhawm thei vek. Chu mai ni lovin, noun nihna an neih kawp bawk avangin, adjective-te'n an la rawn puibàwm thei cheu bawk a ni. Chutiang gerund leh amah puibàwmtu modifier inkawp tlâng ta chu, kan sentence-ah subject emaw, object emaw an han nih ho khan 'gerund phrase' an ni ta ṭhin a ni. 

Entirna:

1. 'Ṭawng tam lutuk' hi  ṭha lo. (subject)

2. 'Sawi tur pawimawh deuh' ka nei.

     (object)

       Entirna sentence kan siam pakhatnaa 'Ṭawng' hi intransitive verb thumal niin, kan sentence-ah hian subject luahtu 'gerund' a ni a; hei hi adverb thumal pahnih, "A ṭha lo," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Eng maw?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu gerund leh modifier inkawp 'Ṭawng tam lutuk' tih hi a ni ta a. Hetah hian thumal pakhat aia tam ṭang tlâng/ṭang rual, gerund leh modifier inkawp 'Ṭawng tam lutuk' tih hi kan sentence-ah hian subject an nih ho/tlàn tâk avangin 'gerund phrase' a ni ta a ni.

       Entirna pahnihnaa 'Sawi' transitive verb thumal subjunctive mood a ni ve thung a; kan sentence-ah hian verb ni chunga object luahtu 'gerund' a ni a. Heta gerund hi modifier 'Tur pawimawh deuh' tih hian an rawn pui bàwm ve leh a. Tichuan, kan sentence-a, "Ka nei," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Eng maw?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu gerund leh modifier inkawp 'Sawi tur pawimawh deuh' tih hi a ni ta a. Hetah hian thumal pakhat  aia tam ṭang tlâng/ṭang rual, gerund leh modifier inkawp, 'Sawi tur pawimawh deuh' tih hi kan sentence-ah hian object an nih ho tâk avangin, 'gerund phrase' an ni ve leh ta ṭhin a  ni. 

GERUND LEH COMPLEMENT INKAWP

       Transitive verb hi tuartu (object) mamawh thil tih sawina a nih tlat avangin, gerund a nihnaah pawh hian object tel lo chuan amahin a fiah zo ṭhin lo a. Chuvangin, verb a niha object a neih ṭhin  ang tho khan gerund a nihnaah pawh hian amah ti fiahtu (complement) atan ama object a la chhawm ṭhin a. Chutianga gerund leh complement (object) ṭang dun, kan sentence-a subject emaw, object emaw ni ta chu 'Gerund phrase' a ni ve leh ta a ni.

Entirna:

1. 'Lei laih' hi a hahthlâk. (subject)

2. 'Tui chèn' hi a nuam. (subject)

3. 'Ar bâwm tah' kan zir. (object)

4. 'Ruih hlo zawrh' an khap. (object)

           Entirna kan chhawp chhuah pakhatnaa 'Laih' hi transitive verb thumal subjunctive mood form a ni a. Verb thumal ni mah sela, kan sentence-ah hian subject luahtu a nih avangin, verb ni chunga noun atana kan hman  'gerund' a ni ta a ni. Hetah hian gerund atana kan hman 'Laih' hi amah ngáwk hian subject-ah hmangin, "Laih hi a hahthlâk," tiin sawi ta ila, amah mai chuan gerund hi a fiah phâk lo a. Chuvangin, gerund 'Laih' hi amah ti fiahtu atan ama object 'Lei' hi kan chhawmtir ta a. "Lei laih hi a hahthlâk," ti-a kan sawi hian, gerund leh a complement inkawp, 'Lei laih' tih hi kan sentence-ah hian subject luahtu 'Gerund phrase' a ni ta a ni.

       Entirna pathumna sentence-a 'Tah' hi transitive verb thumal bawk a ni a. Kan sentence-ah hian object luahtu niin 'gerund' a ni ve leh a. Amaherawhchu, amah ngáwk hian object-ah hmangin, "Tah ka zir," tiin sawi ta ila, gerund hi amah mai hian a fiah phâk lo leh a. Chuvangin, amah ti fiahtu atan ama object 'Ar bâwm' hi kan chhawmtir a, "Ar bâwm tah ka zir," ti-a kan sawi hian, gerund leh complement inkawp 'Ar bâwm tah' tih hi kan sentence-ah hian object atana ṭang ho 'gerund phrase' a ni ve leh ta a ni.

       Hetiang hian, intransitive verb leh transitive verb emaw, reflexive verb leh adjective emaw pawh gerund atana hman an nih hian, an zepui zâwk verb zia kha an la kawl tlat avangin, verb an niha adverb leh auxiliary verb-te an phusakpui ṭhin ang kha gerund an nihnaah pawh an la chhawm thei vek a. Chu mai ni lovin, noun zia an kâwl tâk bawk avangin adjective-te pawhin an rawn puibawm thei bawk a. Chutianga gerund-in amah thuam belhtu atana modifier hrang hrang a chêtpuina tawh phawt chu 'gerund phrase' a ni ta a ni. Chu bâkah, transitive verb hian gerund a nihnaah pawh verb nihna ama object a phusakpui ṭhin ang kha gerund an nihnaah pawh hian an la chhawm thei zel a. Chutianga transitive verb thumal, gerund atana kan hmanin amah ti fiahtu (complement) atan ama object a chêtpui phawt chuan, chu chu 'gerund phrase' a ni ta ṭhin bawk a ni.

       Gerund atana transitive verb kan hman hian complement a chhawm leh modifier a chhawmte hi a rualin a chêtpui thei bawk a. Chutianga gerund-in complement leh modifier a ruala a phusakpuina chu 'gerund phrase' a la ni ta zel a ni.

Entirna:

1. 'Lehkhabu chhiar tam' hi finna a ni.

     (subject)

2. 'Thil dah fel thlip thlep' hi ka peih ve lo.

     (object)

       Entirna kan siam sentence pakhatnaa 'Chhiar' hi gerund niin, a complement atan hian ama object 'Lehkhabu' hi a chhawm a; hei bâkah hian a modifier atan 'Tam' hi a la chhawm tel ta bawk a. Hetiang hian, gerund hian ama complement leh modifier-te hi a rualin a phusakpui thei ṭhin a. Hetianga gerund-in a ruala complement leh modifier a chêtpuina reng reng hi 'gerund phrase' a ni leh ta a ni.

       (Gerund atana transitive verb kan hman ṭhin hi 'participle' nen an ziarâng a inang êm êm a. Amaherawhchu, kan hriat hranna tur chu gerund hian complement atan ama object a chhawm tan hian adjective hna a thawk ngai lo a; transitive verb thumal 'participle' atana kan hman erawh chuan, ama object a chhawm tan hian adjective hna a thawk zel ṭhin thung a ni.)

VERBAL NOUN

        Verb thumal ni si, noun atana kan hman reng reng hi 'verbal noun' an ni vek a. Suffix 'Na' hmanga verb thumal noun-a kan siam leh 'gerund' pawh hi 'verbal noun' an ni a; amaherawhchu, verbal noun zawng zawng erawh gerund an ni ve lo thung. Gerund atan chuan verb thumal subjunctive mood form leh adjective thumal subjunctive mood form hi hman ṭhin a ni a. Verbal noun atan chuan intransitive thumal indicative mood form bâkah, transitive verb thumal indicative mood form leh imperative mood form hman ṭhin a ni.

Entirna:

    verbal noun

1.  'Mû'                saw a hnâr ring mang e.

   ( subject)

    gerund

2. 'Mut'       hi i thlahlel leh lutuk.

    (object)

       Entirna kan tar lan sentence hmasa zâwka 'Mû' hi intransitive verb thumal indicative mood form a ni a. Kan sentence-ah hian, "A hnâr ring mang e," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Tu maw?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu 'Mû' hi a ni. Hetah hian intransitive verb thumal indicative mood form 'Mû' hi verb thumal ni mah sela, kan sentence-ah hian thil titu 'subject' a nih tlat avangin, verb ni chunga noun atana kan hman 'verbal noun' a ni ta a ni.

       Entirna pahnihnaa sentence-a 'Mut' hi intransitive verb thumal subjunctive mood form a ni ve thung a. Kan sentence-ah hian, "I thlahlel leh lutuk," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Eng maw?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu 'Mut' hi a ni a. Hetah hian kan sentence-a object luahtu, intransitive verb thumal subjunctive mood form 'Mut' hi verb thumal ni chunga noun atana kan hman niin 'gerund' a ni ve thung a ni.

        Hetiang hian, verb thumal ni si, kan sentence-a a thil titu (subject) emaw, til tih tuartu (object) emaw ni ṭhin hi verb ni chunga noun atana kan hman hi 'verbal noun' an ni ta ṭhin a. Verbal noun-ah hian verb thumal subjunctive mood form hi 'gerund' ti-a sawi an ni ta bîk a ni.

ITRANSITIVE VERB THUMAL, VERBAL NOUN-A HMAN DAN

       Intransitive verb thumal verbal noun-a kan hmannaah chuan, a indicative mood form hman ṭhin a ni a. Intransitive verb thumal indicative mood form 'verbal noun'-a kan hman hi noun angin phusa mah sela, an zepui zâwk kha verb a nih miau avangin, verb an nihna modifier atana adverb leh auxiliary verb an chhawm theih ang ang kha verbal noun an nihnaah pawh hian an la chhawm thei vek ṭhin a ni. Chutianga verbal noun leh modifier inkawp chu 'noun phrase' a ni ta ṭhin a ni.

Entirna:

    verbal noun

1. 'Zai'               saw ka fanu a nih saw.

    (subject) 

     noun phrase

2. 'Thlâwk luap luap' kha ka perh thla.

      (object)

      Entirna sentence pakhatnaah hian, "Ka fanu a nih saw," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Tu maw?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu 'Zai' hi a ni. Tichuan, sentence-a object luahtu intransitive verb thumal indicative mood form 'Zai' hi thil tih hmanga a titu sawina niin 'verbal noun' a ni ta a ni. Kan sentence pahnihnaa, "Ka perh thla," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Eng maw?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu 'Thlâwk luap luap' tih hi a ni a. Hetah hian thil tih hmanga a titu kan sawi 'Thlâwk' hi verbal noun niin, "Thlâwk kha ka perh thla," ti pawha sawi theih a ni a; amaherawhchu, modifier (adverb) a chhawm nen 'Thlâwk luap luap'  tih a nih hian, kan sentence-a 'Thlâwk luap luap' tih hi 'noun phrase' a ni ta ni.

       Hetiangin, intransitive verb thumal indicative mood form hi kan sentence-ah subject maw, object maw luahtu atana kan hman hian, thil tih hmanga  a titu kan sawina, verb ni chunga noun nih kawp 'verbal noun' an ni ta ṭhin a. Hêng verbal noun-te hi anmahni puibawmtu modifier-adverb leh auxiliary verb-te nena an phusak ho chuan 'noun phrase' an ni ta ṭhin a ni.

TRANSITIVE VERB THUMAL, VERBAL NOUN-A HMAN DAN

       Transitive verb thumal hi a indicative mood form bâkah, a imperative mood form hi verbal noun-ah hman ṭhin a ni a.Transitive verb hi tuartu (object) mamawh thil tih sawina a nih tlat avangin, verbal noun-a kan hmannaah pawh hian amah ti chiangtu (complement) atan ama object nen an la che dun ṭhin a. Chutianga transitive verb thumal indicative mood form leh imperative mood form, verbal noun-a kan hmanin ama object a chêtpuina chu 'noun phrase' an ni ta ṭhin a ni.

Entirna:

     noun phrase

1. 'Bâwng kai'     an lo kal.

     (subject)

     noun phrase

2. 'Khuang vaw ṭhin' hmelhriat ka nei.

     (object)

       Entirna hmasa zâwkah hian, "An lo kal," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Tute maw?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu 'Bâwng kai' tih hi a ni a. Hetah hian til tih sawina ni chunga a titu kan sawina, kan sentence-a subject luahtu transitive verb thumal indicative mood form 'Kai' hi, verb ni chunga noun atan kan hman niin 'verbal noun' a ni ta a. Amaherawhchu, heta verbal noun 'Kai' hi tuartu mamawh thil tih sawina (transitive verb) thumal a nih tlat si avangin, verbal noun a nihnaah pawh hian amah mai chuan a fiah zo lo a; chuvangin, amah ti fiahtu atan ama object (complement) 'Bâwng' hi a chhawm ta a. Tichuan, verbal noun leh object inkawp 'Bâwng kai' tih hi kan sentence-ah hian subject luahtu 'noun phrase' a ni ta a ni.

       Entirna pahnihnaah hian, "Hmelhriat ka nei," ti-a kan sawi hi, "Tu maw?" ti ta ila, a chhanna chu 'Khuang vaw ṭhin' tih hi a ni a. Heta thil tih hmanga a titu kan sawina, kan sentence-a object luahtu 'Vaw' hi thil tih sawina ni chunga noun atana kan hman niin 'verbal noun' a ni ve leh a. Amaherawhchu, hei pawh hi transitive verb thumal a nih tlat si avangin, amah mai hian a fiah zo lo a. Chuvangin, amah ti fiahtu (complement) atan ama object 'Khuang' hi a chhawm ve leh ta a. Hei hi modifier (adverb) 'Ṭhin' tih hian puibawm ve lehin 'Khuang vaw ṭhin' tih hi kan sentence-ah hian object luahtu 'noun phrase' a ni leh ta a ni.

       Hetiang hian, transitive verb thumal hi a indicative mood form emaw, a imperative mood form emaw hi 'verbal noun'-ah  hian hman ṭhin a ni a. Transitive verb chu object mamawh thil tih sawina a nih tlat avangin, verbal noun an nihnaah pawh hian complement atan anmahni object an chhawm ṭhin a. Chu mai ni lovin, modifier atan  adverb leh auxiliary verb-te pawh an chhawm tel thei bawk a. Chutiang complement nen chauh emaw, complement leh modifier-te nen emawa verbal noun han phusa ho ta ṭhin chu 'noun phrase' a ni ta a ni.

Chhinchhiah tel atan:

       (1) Verb thumal ni si, noun atana kan hman tawh phawt hi 'verbal noun' an ni vek a; amaherawhchu, verb thumal subjunctive mood form, noun atana kan hmante erawh hi verbal noun ni tho mah sela, 'gerund' ti-a sawi an ni bîk a ni.

      (2) Verbal noun-in modifier (adverb, auxiliary verb) a chêtpuina leh complement (ama object) a chêtpuina ang chi reng reng hi 'noun phrase' a ni a. Gerund-in modifier a chêtpuina leh complement a chêtpuina hi 'gerund phrase' tih a ni thung a. Participle-in modifier a chêtpuina leh complement a chêtpuina hi 'participle phrase' tih a ni ve leh thung a ni.

Thu lâkna: PC. Thangzîkpuia ziah 'MIZO

                   ṬAWNG GRAMMAR BÛ'

MIZO ṬAWNGA MOOD HI

 MOOD

            ' Mood' tih chu Laṭin ṭawng thumal 'Modus' tih aṭanga lâk chhàwn a ni a, a awmzia chu 'Chêt dan, Nungchang' tihna te a ni. Kan thu chheh dan kàl hmang azira thil tih (verb) thumal hian nungchang leh chêt dan an thlâk danglam kual ṭhin a; chutianga kan thu sawi hawi zâwng mila thil tih (verb) thumalin an nungchang leh awmzia an thlâk danglam kùal ṭhin sawina chu 'Mood' hi a ni.

Entirna:

(1) Sângi chuan nau a 'Pua'.

(2) Naute hi i 'Puak' chuan a muhil ang.

(3) Naute hi lo 'Paw' rawh.

         Entirnaa kan tar lan ang hian, thil tih (verb) thumal hian kan thu sawi awmze milin a nungchang leh chêt dan hi chi thumin a thlâk danglam a. Pakhatnaah khian a rîk dan emaw, a ziah dan emaw tih danglam miah loh, a awmze pangngai dik takin 'Pua' hi thil tih chiang ngei sawina atan kan hmang a. Pahnihnaah khian a awmze pangngai aṭanga a nih phung a thlâk vawi khatna 'Puak' hi thil chiang lo, thil ni thei chi sawi nan kan hmang thung a. Pathumnaah khian a awmze pangngai aṭanga a nih phung a thlâk vawi hnihna 'Paw' tih hi thil ti tura mi dang tirhna ṭawngkam atan kan hmang ve leh a ni.

        Hetianga kan ṭawngkam hawi zâwng mila thil tih (verb) thumalin an nungchang leh awmzia an thlâk danglam a, ze hran an put kùal tâk ṭhin hi 'Mood' chu a ni. Mizo ṭawngah chuan thil tih (verb) thumal kan neihte hian mood chi thum (3) an nei a. Chûng an mood neih chi thumte chu hêngte hi an ni:

                1. Indicative mood

                2. Subjunctive mood

                3. Imperative mood

1. Indicative mood

            Thil tih (verb) thumal, a rîk dan emaw, a sipel emaw tih danglam loh, a root word ngei hmanga thil tih chiang ngei, a thu phunga kan sawi chhuahna hi 'Indicative mood' chu a ni. Indicative mood reng reng chu simple sentence-a thu chhehna niin, principle clause an ni zel a. Hming ai awhtu (pronoun) pakhat chauh awmin, hming ai awhtu awm chhun chu 'Subjunctive case' a ni nghâl zel a. Thil tih (verb) pawh pakhat chauh awmin, thil tih (verb) awm chhun chu mood kengtu ni chungin thil tih puitling (main verb) a ni zel ṭhin bawk a ni.

Entirna:

(1) Chhani a 'Zai'.

(2) Lala'n milem a 'Ziak'.

(3) Faka'n khuang a 'Vua'.

         Entirna kan siam hi thil tih chiang ngei kan sawi chhuahna ṭawngkam vek an ni a. Pakhatnaa thil tih sawi nana thil tih (verb) thumal kan hman 'Zai' hi a rîk dan tih danglam ṭhin a ni a; amaherawhchu, kan sentence-ah hian a rîk dan tih danglam loh, a root word ngei hi thil tih sawi nan kan hmang a. Pahnihnaa mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumal kan hman 'Ziak' hi ziah dan chi khata tih danglam ṭhin niin, a ziah dan tih danglam loh, a root word ngei hi kan sentence-a thil tih sawi nan kan hmang leh a. Pathumnaa mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumal 'Vua' hi ziah dan chi hniha tih danglam ṭhin, ziah dan chi thum (3) awm a ni a; kan sentence-ah hian a ziah dan tih danglam loh, a root word ngei hi thil tih sawi nan kan hmang ve leh a ni. Hetiang hian thil tih (verb) thumal, a rîk dan emaw, a ziah dan emawa an awmzia leh nih phung tih danglam loh, an root word ngei hmanga thil tih leh thil thleng ang chi, thil chiang ngei a thu phunga kan sawi chhuahna ṭawngkam hi 'Indicative mood' chu a ni ta a ni.

        Indicative mood reng reng chu simple sentence-a thil tih kan sawina a nih zel avangin principle clause a ni nghal zel a, hming ai awhtu (pronoun) pakhat chauh leh thil tih (verb) pakhat chauh a awm ṭhin a ni. Hming ai awhtu (pronoun) awm chhun chu 'Subjunctive case' niin, thil tih (verb) awm chhun chu sentence innghahna thil tih puitling (main verb) a ni zel ṭhin bawk a. Thil tih (verb) thumal awm chhun, mood kengtu hi adverb leh auxiliary verb-te puibawm lohin, a root word ngeiin thil tih puitling (main verb) a ni ṭhin a ni. (thil tih thumal zawng zawng hi indicative mood-ah hian an root word ngeiin thil tih puitling an ni thei vek a. Thil tih thumal emaw kan tih, indicative mood-a an root word ngeia thil tih puitling atana hman theih si loh chu thil tih thumal a ni lo, parts of speech-a nihna dang nei thumal an ni tihna a ni a. Chu lo leh-ah chuan, thil tih thumal tur ni miah lo, dik lo taka thil tih leh tuartu/dawngsawngtu 'object' ziah zawm palh emaw, titu/sawitu 'subject' leh thil tih 'verb' ziah zawm palh emaw an ni tihna a ni ṭhin.)

2. Subjunctive mood

            Thil tih (verb) thumal, a rîk dan thlâk danglam ṭhinah, a rîk dan tih danglam zâwk leh ziah dan chi hnih awmah, a ziah dan tih danglam zâwk leh ziah dan chi thum awma a ziah dan chi hnihna hmanga thil tih chiang lo, duh thu sàm leh châk zâwng te, tum dan leh duh dan te, rin dan leh thil ni thei te, suangtuahna ang chi te kan sawina ṭawngkam hi 'Subjunctive mood' chu a ni.

Entirna:

(1) Sâp rama 'Zin' ve ka châk ngawt mai.

(2) Kan nula 'Hmuh' kha va rìm kan tum.

(3) Tuiin a 'Buak' che chuan i huh vek ang.

         Entirna kan chhawp chhuah sentence hmasa ber hi thil tih châk kan sawina ṭawngkam a ni a. Hetah hian mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumal 'Zin' hi a rîk dan pangngai aṭanga tih danglam, a ri hniam hman a ni a. Hetianga thil tih châk zâwng ang chi leh duh thu sàm thil kan sawina ṭawngkama mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumal, a nih phung pangngai aṭanga a rîk dan tih danglam zâwk kan hman tâk hi 'Subjunctive mood' chu a ni ta a ni.

        Pahnihna sentence hi thil tih tum kan sawina ṭawngkam a ni a. Hetah hian mood kengtu atana thil tih (verb) thumal kan hman 'Hmuh' hi a root word chu 'Hmu' niin, kan sentence-ah hian a ziah dan thlâk danglam tâk zâwk 'Hmuh' hi kan hmang a. Hetianga thil tih (verb) thumal, ziah dan chi hniha ziah ṭhinah, a nih phung pangngai aṭanga a ziah dan tih danglam tâk zâwk hmanga thil tih tum ang chi kan sawina hi 'Subjunctive mood' a ni leh ta a ni.

       Pathumna hi thil thleng thei leh ni thei sawina ṭawngkam a ni a. Hetah hian mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumal 'Buak' hi a root form chu 'Bua' niin, ziah dan chi hniha tih danglam ṭhin, ziah dan chi thum 'Bua; Buak, Baw' ti tea ziah ṭhin a ni a. Kan sentence-ah hian a ziah dan tih danglam vawi khatna, 'Buak' hi thil ni thei leh thleng thei sawi nan kan hmang ta a. Hetianga thil tih (verb) thumal, a nih phung pangngai aṭanga a ziah dan tih danglam chi hnihna hmanga thil ni thei leh zeldin thil te kan sawina ṭawngkam hi 'Subjunctive mood' a ni leh ta a ni.

       Hetiang hian thil tih (verb) thumal, a rîk dan tih danglam ṭhinah, a rîk dan tih danglam zâwk leh ziah dan chi hnih awmah, a ziah dan chi hnihna zâwk leh ziah dan chi thum awmah, a ziah dan chi hnihna hmang tea duh thu sàm thil te, thil tih tum ang chi te, thil ni thei leh suangtuahna ang chi te kan sawi chhuahna ṭawngkam hi 'Subjunctive mood' chu a ni ta a. Subjunctive mood-ah hi chuan mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumal te hi thil tih puitling (main verb) an ni ve ngai lo a; subordinate clause lamah phusain 'non-finite' an ni ṭhin a. Chutah chuan 'Gerund' emaw, 'Participle' emaw, 'Adverb' te an ni ta ṭhin a ni.

3. Imperative mood

        Tirhna te, thu pêkna te, ngenna te, rawtna lam hawi te sawina ṭawngkam kan leknaah, thil tih (verb) thumalin a nih phung pangngai bâka an ziarang leh nungchang an rawn thlâk danglam leh vawi hnihna hi Mizo ṭawngah chuan 'Imperative mood' chu a ni a. Thil tih (verb) thumal, a ziah dan vawi hnih tih danglam ṭhin, ziah dan chi thum nei tâah chauh hian 'Imperative mood' hi kan hmu a ni.

Entirna:

(1) Saw saw tu nge tih va 'Hre' teh.

(2) Bâwng kha 'Vaw' tawh suh.

(3) Mi 'Haw' tawh lo hram rawh.

(4) MLA chu Liana'n lo 'Be' mai se.

       Entirna sentence pakhatna hi tirhna ṭawngkam a ni a. Heta mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumal 'Hre' hi a root form chu 'Hria' niin, ziah dan chi thum, 'Hria; Hriat; Hre' ti tea hman ṭhin a ni a. Kan sentence-a tirhna lam hawi ṭawngkam atan hian a ziah dan chi thumna 'Hre' hi kan hmang a. Chutiang bawkin, pahnihnaa mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumal 'Vaw' hi a root form chu 'Vua' niin, ziah dan chi thum 'Vua; Vuak; Vaw' ti tea hman ṭhin a ni a; kan sentence-ah hian a ziah dan chi thumna 'Vaw' hi khapna lam hawi ṭawngkam atan kan hmang ve leh a. Pahthumnaah hian mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumal 'Haw' hi a root form chu 'Hua' niin, 'Hua; Huat; Haw' ti-a ziah dan chi thuma hman ṭhin a ni a. Kan sentence-a ngenna lam hawi ṭawngkam atan hian, a ziah dan chi thumna 'Haw' hi kan hmang leh a. Palinaah hian mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumal 'Be' hi ziah dan chi thum, 'Bia; Biak; Be' ti tea ziah ṭhin niin, kan sentence-ah hian a ziah dan chi thumna 'Be' hi rawtna lam hawi ṭawngkam atan kan hmang ve leh a ni.

       Hetianga tirhna te, thu pêkna te, ngenna te, rawtna te kan sawina ṭawngkama mood kengtu thil tih (verb) thumalin an nih phung leh zia an thlâk danglam vawi hnihna, an ze chi thumna an rawn chêtpui tâk ṭhin hi 'Imperative mood' chu a ni ta a ni.

Thu lâkna: P.C Thangzîkpuia ziah 'MIZO

                   ṬAWNG GRAMMAR' tih bû-a mi