VOICE
Grammar-ah chuan thil titu emaw, an chanchin kan sawiate emaw hi 'Subject' tih a ni ṭhin a. Kan thu chheh dan azirin thil titu ngeiina subject a luahna leh thil tih tuartu zâwkina subject an luahna a awm ṭhin a. Hetianga kan thu chheh dan azira thil titu leh thil tih tuartuin subject an inluah thlâk thleng dan sawina hi 'Voice' chu a ni a, Mizo ṭawngah chuan voice hi chi thum a awm a, chûngte chu:
1. Active voice
2. Passive voice
3. Middle voice
1. Active voice
Thil tih kan sawina ṭawngkamah, thil titu ngeiina subject a luahna hi 'active voice' chu a ni. Active voice hi 'indicative active voice; imperative active voice; interrogative active voice' tiin chi thumah ṭhen hran leh a ni.
Indicative active voice
Thil titu ngei subject luahtir chunga a thil tih kan sawina hi 'indicative active voice' chu a ni. Indicative active voice-ah chuan thil titu kha a chungchâng kan sawia a nih avangin subject-ah kan hmang a, kan dah langsar ber ṭhin a. Chutianga thil titu chungchâng kan sawinaah chuan, a thil tih leh a thil tih lo tuartu (object) kha kan sawi lang tel ve ta ṭhin a ni.
Entirna:
Muani'n buh a thlĕi.
subject object t/verb
Entirna sentence kan chhawp chhuahah hian thil titu (buh thleitu) chu 'Muani' hi a ni a. Hetah hian thil titu 'Muani' hi a chungchâng kan sawia a nih avangin 'subject' a ni ta a. Tichuan, Muani chungchâng kan sawinaah hian thil tih leh a thil tih lo tuartu 'buh' hi kan sawi lang ta a. Hetianga thil titu ngeiina subject a luahna ṭawngkam hi 'indicative active voice' chu a ni ta a ni.
Imperative active voice
Thil titu tur ngei subject luahtir chunga intirhna ṭawngkam kan hman ṭhin hi 'imperative active voice' tih a ni ve leh a. Imperative active voice-ah chuan thil tih tur kan sawi azarah, a thil tih tur leh thil tih lo tuartu tur kha kan sawi lang tel ṭhin a ni. Chutianga tirhna ṭawngkama thil titu turin subject a luahna chu 'imperative active voice' a ni ve leh ta a ni.
Entirna:
Nghâka'n khuang vaw rawh se.
subject object t/verb
Entirna sentence kan chhawp chhuahah hian 'Nghâka' hi kan mi tirh, thil titu tur a ni a. Thil titu tur Nghâka kan sawinaah hian, a thil tih tur leh a thil tih lo tuartu tur 'Khuang' hi kan sawi lang ve ta nghâl a ni. Tichuan, kan sentence-ah hian thil titu tur 'Nghâka' hi a chungchâng kan sawia a nih avangin subject a ni ve leh ta a. Hetianga tirhna ṭawngkama thil titu turina subject a luahna hi 'imperative active voice' a ni ta a ni.
Interrogative active voice
Thil tih tuartu aia a titu zâwk hriat duha zawhna ṭawngkam kan hman ṭhin hi 'interrogative active voice' tih a ni a. Interrogative active voice-ah chuan thil titu kha kan hriat duha a nih avangin subject-ah hmangin kan dah langsar ber a. Thil titu hriat duha kan zawhnaah, a thil tih leh a thil tih lo tuartu kha kan sawi lang tel ve ta ṭhin a ni.
Entirna:
Remi khan chhuat a nâwt em?
subject object t/verb
Entirna kan tar lanah hian 'Remi' hi a chungchâng kan sawia a nih tlat avangin thil titu (subject) a ni a. Tichuan, Remi chungchâng kan sawinaah hian a thil tih hi hriat duhin kan zâwt ta a ni. Hetianga thil titu subject luahtir chunga zawhna ṭawngkam kan hmanna hi 'interrogative active voice' chu a ni ve leh ta a ni.
2. Passive voice
Thil tih tuartu zâwkina subject an luah tâk hlauhna ṭawngkam hi 'passive voice' tih a ni a. Passive voice hi chi thumah ṭhen hran leh a ni a. Chûngte chu:
1. Indicative passive voice
2. Imperative passive voice
3. Interrogative passive voice
Indicative passive voice
Thil tih kan sawinaah, thil tih tuartu zâwkina subject a luah tâk daihna ṭawngkam hi 'indicative passive voice' chu a ni a. Indicative passive voice-ah chuan thil tih tuartu chungchâng kan sawinaah, a chunga thil titu kha kan sawi lang tel ve ta ṭhin a ni.
Entirna:
titu t/verb
Vawk hi Kima talh a ni.
object adj. of cause
Entirna kan tar lanah hian thil tih tuartu chu 'vawk' hi a ni ngei mai a; amaherawhchu, thil tih tuartu 'vawk' hi a chungchâng kan sawia a nih zâwk avangin, kan sentence-ah vawk hi subject a ni ta a. Tichuan, thil tih tuartu 'vawk' chungchâng kan sawinaah hian, a chunga thil titu 'Kima' hi kan sawi lang tel ve ta nghâl a. Hetah hian Kima hi thil titu chu a ni ngei mai a; amaherawhchu, kan sentence-a 'case' sawi fiahna huangah hi chuan, thil titu Kima hi subject chunga kutthlâktu kan sawi fiahna 'adjective of cause' a ni ta daih a ni. Hetianga thil tih tuartu zâwkina subject an luah tâk hlauhna ṭawngkam hi 'indicative passive voice' chu a ni ta a ni.
Imperative passive voice
Thil ti tura mi dang kan tirhnaah, thil tih tuartu tur zâwkina subject a luahna ṭawngkam hi 'imperative passive voice' tih a ni a. Imperative passive voice-ah chuan thil tih tuartu zâwk kha a chungchâng kan sawia chu a nih tlat avangin subject a ni ta a. Chutianga thil tih tuartu zâwk chungchâng kan sawinaah chuan, a chunga thil titu tur kha kan sawi lang tel ta ṭhin a ni.
Entirna:
titu t/verb
Thing chu Siama'n kit rawh se.
subject adj. of cause
Entirna kan tar lanah hian 'thing' hi thil titu ni lovin, thil tih tuartu zâwk chu a ni ngei mai a; amaherawhchu, kan sentence-ah hian a chungchâng kan sawia a nih zâwk tlat si avangin subject a ni ta hlauh a. Thing chungchâng kan sawinaah hian a chunga thil titu tur 'Siama' hi kan sawi lang tel ve ta chauh a ni a. Hetah hian Siama hi subject chunga thil titu tur sawi fiahtu 'adjective of cause' a ni ve leh ta a ni. Hetianga tirhna ṭawngkama thil tih tuartu zâwkina subject a luahna hi 'imperative passive voice' chu a ni ta a ni.
Interrogative passive voice
Zawhna ṭawngkamah hian thil tih tuartu zâwkina subject a luahna hi 'interrogative passive voice' chu a ni a. Interrogative passive voice-ah chuan thil tih tuartu zâwk kha a chungchâng kan sawinaah, a chunga thil titu kha hriat duhin kan zâwt ta ṭhin a ni.
Entirna:
titu t/verb
Sakhi hi Tluanga kah em ni?
subject adj. of cause
Entirna kan chhawp chhuahah hian 'sakhi' hi thil titu ni lovin, thil tih tuartu zâwk chu a ni ngei mai a; amaherawhchu, sakhi hi a chungchâng kan sawia a nih zâwk tlat si avangin, kan sentence-ah hian sakhi hi subject a ni ta a. Tichuan, sakhi hi a chungchâng kan sawinaah, a chunga thil titu hi hriat duhin kan zâwt ta a ni. Hetianga zawhna ṭawngkama thil tih tuartu zâwkin subject a luahna ṭawngkam hi 'interrogative passive voice' chu a ni ve leh ta a ni.
3. Middle voice
Thil tih kan sawinaah, thil titu leh thil tih tuartu thuhmun, subject inluah thleng tur awm chuang lo sawina hi 'middle voice' chu a ni a. Hei hi mahni chunga mahni'na thil tih kan sawina niin, middle voice-ah chuan thil tih sawi nan reflexive verb hman ṭhin a ni.
Entirna:
Nghâka a inbual.
subject
Entirna kan chhawp chhuahah hian 'Nghâka' hi thil titu niin subject a ni nghâl a. Hetah hian a thil tih hi mi dang emaw, thil dang emaw lo tuartu an awm lo a; amah tho hi a tuartu chu a ni nghâl a. Hetianga thil tih kan sawinaah, thil titu emaw, a tuartu emaw subject inluah thleng tur awm chuang lova a titu leh a tuartu thuhmun reng kan sawina ṭawngkam hi 'middle voice' chu a ni ta a ni.
4. Tense tar langa voice hman dan
Mizo ṭawngah chuan kan verb thumalte hian anmahnia thil tih hun (tense) an ken tel ve nghâl loh avangin, voice-a tense kan tih lan tel dawn chuan adverb of time emaw, auxiliary verb emaw hmanga tense hi kan sawi lan a ngai ṭhin a ni.
Entirna:
(1) Active voice
Ṭhuama'n dâr a vaw 'Tawh'. (past tense)
Nguri'n thlèng a sil 'Mêk'. (present tense)
Dâra'n zâwngṭah a lo 'Dawn'. (future tense)
(2) Passive voice
Dâr chu Ṭhuama'n a vaw 'Tawh'.
(past tense)
Thlèng chu Nguri'n a sil 'Mêk'.
(present tense)
Zâwngṭah chu Dâra'n a lo 'Dâwn'.
(future tense)
Entirna kan chhawp chhuah ang hian, Mizo ṭawngah chuan thil tih hun (tense) hi kan tar lan dawn chuan, verb thumalte hi adverb of time-in emaw, auxiliary verb-in emaw a rawn puih a ngai ṭhin a. Entirna kan sentence-a kan tar lan ang hian, auxiliary verb 'Tawh, Mêk, Dawn' tihte hmang hian voice-ah tense hi kan tar lang ta a ni.
